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CLASS-02

ADDING MARKUP TEXT

  • Structural markup: Elements to describe headings and paragraphs.
  • Semantic markup: Provides extra information, like where emphasis should be placed in a sentence, quote references, meaning of acronyms, etc.

STRUCTURAL TEXT TAGS

  1. HEADINGS: There are six levels <h1> <h2> <h3> <h4> <h5> <h6>
  2. PARAGRAPHS: <p>
  3. BOLD & ITALIC: <b> & <i>
  4. SUPERSCRIPT & SUBSCRIPT: <sup> & <sub>
  5. LINE BREAKS & HORIZONTAL RULES: These two are empty elements. <br /> & <hr />

SEMANTIC TEXT TAGS

  1. STRONG & EMPHASIS: <strong> & <em>
  2. QUOTATIONS: <blockquote> & <q>
  3. ABBREVIATIONS & ACRONYMS: <abbr>
  4. CITATIONS & DEFINITIONS: <cite> & <dfn>
  5. AUTHOR DETAILS: <address>
  6. CHANGES TO CONTENT: <ins> <del> & <s>

INTRODUCTION TO CSS

CSS Allows us to create rules that specify how the content of an element should appear on a page. The style of a website. It works by associating rules with HTML elements that specify how the content of elements should be displayed.

CSS Rules:

  1. SELECTOR: Indicates which element the rules applies to.
  2. DECLARATIONS: Indicates how the element referred to in the selector should be styled. They are split in two parts:
    • Property: Indicates the aspects of the element you want to change.

    • Value: Specify the settings you want to use for the chosen properties.

      p { font- family: Arial; color: blue; }

CSS External & Internal

  • EXTERNAL: We use html tag <link> to tell the browser where to find the CSS file. (e.g)

    <link href=”css/styles.css” type:”text/css” rel:”stylesheet” />

  • INTERNAL: We use html tag <style> to add css within the html file.

CSS Cascade

If there are many rules that apply to an element, that last rule will take precedence. If one selector is more specific, that one will rule instead.

BASIC JAVASCRIPT INSTRUCTIONS

JavaScript is a series of instructions that a computer can follow one by one to obtain a particular result. JavaScript is case sensitive.

  • STATEMENTS: Each individual instruction that a computer should follow. (e.g)
  • CODE BLOCK: Contents of code inside { } Each code block can contain many statements. Variables: Store pieces of information temporarily that are used in the script.

VARIABLES

What the script uses to temporarily store the pieces of information it needs to do its job.

  • DECLARING: Variables need to be created and given a name before being used, this is known as declaring a variable.
  • ASSIGNING VALUE: Once created, you can tell it what information you would it like to store. You would be assigning a value to a variable.

TYPES OF VARIABLES

  • Numbers: (0-9)
  • Strings: Text, letters and other characters
  • Boolean: True or False
  • Arrays: Store a list of values

EXPRESSIONS: Evaluate into a single value. There are two types:

  1. Expressions that just assign a value to a variable.
  2. Expressions that use two or more values to return a single value.

OPERATORS: Expressions rely on operators to create a single value from one or more values.

  • Assignment Operators: Assign a value to a variable
  • Arithmetic Operators: Performs basic Math
  • String Operators: Combine two strings
  • Comparison Operators: Compares two values and return true or false
  • Logical Operators: Combine expressions and return true or false

EVALUATING CONDITIONS & CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS

There are two components to a decision:

  1. An expression is evaluated and returns a value.
  2. A conditional statement says what to do in a given situation.

if (score < 50) { document.write(‘You passed!’); } else { document.write(‘Try again…’) }

Things I want to know more about

  • Using comparison and logical operators.

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